Kinesiology

Lesson 4 of 16

Bony landmarks

Palpable bony landmarks help orient regional anatomy and communicate location. They are reference points, not targets for forceful pressure. Bone prominence varies with body shape, tissue depth, and position. Use broad, respectful palpation and confirm comfort throughout.

Key points

• The clavicle spans the upper chest from sternum to shoulder region.
• The acromion forms the palpable roof at the shoulder's lateral side.
• The scapular spine and inferior angle help orient the posterior shoulder blade.
• Spinous processes can be followed along the posterior midline, without pressing directly into sensitive areas.
• The iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine orient the pelvis.
• The patella, malleoli, and calcaneus are useful lower-limb landmarks.
• Muscle names may describe shape (deltoid), fiber direction (rectus or oblique), relative size, attachments, or action.

Key terms

Acromion

Lateral projection of the scapula forming the top of the shoulder.

Scapular spine

Posterior ridge of the scapula that continues laterally toward the acromion.

Iliac crest

Superior curved border of the ilium.

Malleolus

Bony prominence at either side of the ankle formed by the tibia or fibula.

Calcaneus

Heel bone and largest tarsal bone.