Anatomy & Physiology
A practical map of the body's structures and systems
Lesson 7 of 20
Integumentary system
The integumentary system includes skin and its accessory structures, forming a protective interface with the environment. Skin limits water loss, contributes to temperature regulation, and contains sensory receptors. Its condition can affect comfort, safety, and choices about contact. Hair, nails, and glands are specialized components of this system.
Key points
- The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer; the dermis beneath it contains connective tissue, vessels, and nerves.
- The hypodermis underlies skin and commonly contains adipose and loose connective tissue.
- Sweat supports evaporative cooling; sebaceous glands produce oily sebum.
- Skin receptors contribute to touch, temperature, pressure, and pain sensation.
- Observe skin integrity and avoid or modify contact over compromised areas according to scope and policy.
Key terms
- Epidermis
- Outer epithelial layer of the skin.
- Dermis
- Connective tissue layer containing many vessels, nerves, and glands.
- Hypodermis
- Subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis, often containing adipose tissue.
- Sebaceous gland
- Skin gland that secretes sebum.
- Thermoregulation
- Processes that help maintain body temperature within a viable range.
Memory tip
Skin is both barrier and sensory organ.
Clinical note
Do not work over unexplained lesions as though they were diagnosed; follow referral and hygiene protocols.
Unit checkpoint
Lock it in: match the terms, then test yourself.