Ethics, Boundaries & Communication

Lesson 7 of 11

Dual Relationships & Gifts

A dual relationship occurs when the therapist and client have another connection in addition to the treatment relationship. Some overlapping roles are difficult to avoid in small communities, but they can create conflicts, pressure, or impaired objectivity. Consider foreseeable risk, client vulnerability, and whether a safe alternative exists. Gifts and social invitations deserve the same careful attention to power and expectations.

Key points

• Identify overlapping roles such as business partners, relatives, close friends, or social contacts.
• Assess whether the second role could affect consent, privacy, fees, or treatment decisions.
• Decline or modify arrangements that risk exploitation or impaired professional judgment.
• Use consistent gift policies; consider value, timing, motive, and applicable rules.
• Document significant decisions and explain limits respectfully.
• A referral may be safer when an unavoidable overlap compromises care.

Key terms

Dual relationship

A professional client relationship that overlaps with another social, financial, or personal role.

Conflict of interest

A competing interest that may compromise, or appear to compromise, professional judgment.

Exploitation

Using a professional relationship or power imbalance for unfair personal gain.

Gift policy

A consistent rule for assessing and responding to client gifts.

Objectivity

The ability to make decisions based on relevant facts and professional standards.