Anatomy & Physiology
A practical map of the body's structures and systems
Lesson 9 of 20
Joints & articulations
An articulation is a site where bones meet, though not every articulation moves freely. Joint structure balances stability with mobility, and surrounding connective tissues guide or limit motion. Classification may describe structure or functional movement. Normal joint motion depends on the surfaces, capsule, ligaments, and muscles around it.
Key points
- Fibrous joints are joined by connective tissue and usually allow little movement.
- Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage and allow limited movement.
- Synovial joints have a cavity and commonly allow substantial movement.
- A synovial capsule encloses the joint; synovial fluid lubricates its internal surfaces.
- Ligaments connect bone to bone and help guide or restrain motion.
Key terms
- Articulation
- Site where two or more skeletal elements meet.
- Synovial joint
- Joint with a cavity, capsule, and lubricating synovial fluid.
- Joint capsule
- Enclosing connective tissue around a synovial joint.
- Synovial fluid
- Fluid that lubricates and supports the internal environment of a synovial joint.
- Ligament
- Dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
Memory tip
Joint type hints at possible motion, but individual structure and condition also matter.
Clinical note
Do not force a joint beyond the client's comfortable range.
Unit checkpoint
Lock it in: match the terms, then test yourself.